Following its independence in 2002, Timor-Leste has largely been led by former resistance-era figures such as Xanana Gusmão and José Ramos-Horta, alongside parties like FRETILIN and the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, who have focused heavily on post-conflict stability, reconciliation with Indonesia, petroleum development projects such as the Greater Sunrise gas field, and consolidating national institutions after independence. More recent political figures and younger public personalities, including Armanda Berta dos Santos and Mariano Assanami Sabino, have become increasingly visible through advocacy and policy discussions surrounding internet access, education reform, anti-corruption efforts, youth employment, entrepreneurship, and reducing dependence on oil revenues.